The Death of M3

Posted by Ray on July 15, 2010 under Economy, Main, The Federal Reserve | Be the First to Comment

All the talk of the town is deflation, disinflation or disinflationary trends, what does all of this mean, is it bad and more importantly, should the Federal Reserve try to stop it? First, deflation is negative price growth year-over-year, we are not there yet even though I often say we are in a deflationary period, because we will get there, in my opinion. Disinflation or disinflationary trends are signals that show prices are declining and is how many economists or snarky bloggers, like myself, describe the trend before we hit outright deflation. In a nutshell, deflation is demand destruction or no end demand which means companies must drop prices in order to attract business. The most commonly referenced period of deflation is the 1930’s where, sadly, food was cheap, but people starved, houses were cheap, but people went homeless. Deflation has been framed as ugly, horrible and something that must be avoided at all costs.

Deflation during the good times is fine and we all reap the rewards, such as cheaper technology, i.e. cell phones or computers, which become cheaper because of competition from outsourcing and technological advances. No one minds paying lower prices during these periods of times and the Fed even doesn’t mind deflation during these periods, but they like it to remain in check. Because lower prices do not mean people are not buying the products, the opposite is typically true. Plus, other indicators usually show that only certain items are prone to deflation under normal conditions, usually technology related items. The Fed would only be concerned if they saw other items start to lose pricing power and the money supply shrinking, people saving more money, basically.

When people save their money, in an economy such as the U.S., it is devastating because such a large portion of our domestic growth comes from spending money freely on stuff we really don’t need. When we save we stop that wasteful spending this grinds our economy to a halt. In order to get sales going again companies start to offer incentives to get shoppers in the door. This usually means lower prices through either temporary or permanent sales on the price of the products they sell. Since these products are not selling the stores are not ordering new products which mean the raw materials to make the clothes or whatever begin to decline. Even if the product begins to move at reduced prices the company selling to the end user begins to demand lower prices for the product and even if they don’t ask for it the orders are so much smaller prices would fall anyhow. Essentially it is a chain reaction, this is pretty common knowledge, but it comes from one simple thing happening, people saving their money.

The other part of the equation of people saving their money is that money is taken out of circulation. This sounds counterintuitive to those who rail against the fractional reserve banking system since this system allows for more loans to be made if the deposit base grows. However, if the economy is bad banks simply do not make loans because they fear not getting repaid. Therefore, a higher savings rate means lower monetary circulation, commonly referred to as M3, which the Fed no longer produces by the way. In order to boost the money supply the Fed will try to encourage banks to make riskier loans by lowering interest rates. By lowering interest rates banks make lower rates of returns for doing nothing with their money so by loaning out the money to borrowers banks can make higher interest rates. In turn the borrower will go out and spend that money which will ultimately boost the money supply and, hopefully, boost final demand.

That is how things work in normal business cycles, but that is not what we have now. We have a very abnormal business cycle that happens once every few generations where we go through this huge leveraging cycle and then have to live through a period when we deleverage all the debt. The last time we went through this was in the 1930’s and the time before that was about 60 years before the 1930’s so about every 60 to 80 years we go through a super cycle of debt leverage that blows up. During these super cycles the consumer has so much debt that they just try to pay it off and does not waste much money on other items. This is bad for our economy which is built on a consumption model to the tune of 70% of our GDP. This lack of demand or demand destruction means people just will not spend unless it makes absolute sense to them, i.e. a generous tax credit from Uncle Sam. This demand destruction leads to lower prices which starts out as disinflationary forces, moves to deflation when prices finally start dropping YoY, which will happen soon.

No matter what the central bank does, the Fed, it on its own cannot change this deflationary trend when it has spent all of its ammo. When interest rates hit zero there is nothing the Fed can do to spur demand from a monetary policy point of view. Remember, this is a very unusual situation because in these super cycles not only are consumers saddled with debt, but so are the banks and the banks are usually saddled with worthless debts which make them insolvent. That was true 80 years ago and the same thing is true today because banks are not making loans nor do they want to. So what can the Fed do? They have insolvent banks and consumers that don’t want to spend and are trying to shed their debt loads.

Some people say more quantitative easing will be helpful. I ask how? We already did how much QE? $2T+ that we know of and that did nothing. In fact, mortgage rates have dropped even more after QE stopped and we have falling demand for housing so what will another round of QE do? All it would do is cripple the dollar and trust me, the dollar is going to be in trouble soon enough anyhow because of the bloated balance sheet the Fed has and our national debt load. QE will not boost money velocity at all. It might give banks more money for their balance sheets, but other than that it will not boost the overall money supply so I am totally perplexed as to why anyone thinks QE will work. We have no problem selling our debt right now either, so it is a total waste of time and resources. The negatives far outweigh the positives.

What else can the Fed do? Nothing. They are done or have done everything they can do. Sure, they can roll out with TALF again, but the market has no problem placing junk paper right now so what would the point be? The problem is simple, the consumer does not want to spend. Businesses do not want to spend. Does anyone know why this is happening? I think it is pretty simple, no one knows what is going to happen. The President is keeping everyone in the dark about where taxes are going to go, heck, we are not even going to get a budget for 2010, unreal! We still have no idea how health care reform is really going to impact us yet, how much will it cost, etc. The business environment is weak at best and CEO’s are too afraid to admit it, look how they get treated by the administration, as traitors!

The consumer, well, I wonder why they aren’t spending. We have weekly initial unemployment claims coming in at well over 400K, 4 week average is 455K. We have more firings than hiring’s going on right now. The work week declined and so did wages. There are 6 people for every open job. It is taking 35 weeks to find a new job if you get fired. People were feeling more secure about their job, but when initial claims began to heat up again that confidence disappeared, even H-P started laying people off again and I bet Google will announce layoffs very soon. Their debt loads are through the roof and banks raised all their fees on the consumer so it is taking longer to pay down debt. Foreclosures, delinquencies and now a story broke tat home owner associations are foreclosing on homes for pennies on the dollar over the dues not being paid, come on. To top it all off the Senate is not extending unemployment benefits, but they can pass a 2,300 page Fin Reg bill with no problem, what is wrong with those people?

It is fair to say that there are plenty of reasons to not spend money from the consumer’s point of view. From corporate America’s point of view there is also little reason to spend money and even if they did it is so little of GDP it doesn’t even matter. The bottom line is how do we get M3 to increase? Can money velocity get positive again and should we even try? In my opinion, I do not believe we can get money velocity to get positive again without a drastic event such as WWII. These super cycles have to work themselves out and that takes time and the more tinkering we do the longer it takes. Look at housing, if we did not do the tax credit we might have bottomed in housing prices already, but we will never know now.

The Depression lasted as long as it did because of the tinkering and those who say we had a relapse because stimulus was removed in 1937-38 simply do not get it. If we cannot attract buyers to the housing market at 4.5% interest rates and prices significantly lower than the peak it just is not going to happen for some time to come. The market has to find its own bottom and it will be painful, but we cannot simply throw money at it and hope it works out. We could do that in the 1930’s because we had savings and we had manufacturing, we have neither now. We started out in a horrible position, greatly in debt, and to get ourselves out we are advocating going much deeper in debt. The problem is we cannot grow our way out of the debt we have, we cannot afford another New Deal. The most important thing to remember about the New Deal to begin with was that it did not work, it was a majorly failed policy.

As painful as it is going to be I say we have to let it be. No more QE and I hope we do not do another stimulus, but we will, look for a Bush style check coming right around October. Money velocity will sort itself out when the deleveraging is over and that could be as fast as next year or as long as 2015, no one knows except the collective minds of the consumers. The bottom line is we may come out, the consumer and corporate America, stronger than when we came into this thing with less debt and important lessons learned. Our government and the Fed, well, I do not believe they learned anything and look for QE and stimulus money just in time to buy your vote in November.