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Double Dip Surprise

By Ray on June 27, 2010

How anyone is really surprised by the possibility of a further decline in economic activity is puzzling to me. Perhaps it is all the distortions in the data that is coming from the government supporting the economy. Maybe it is because their vested interest is to have you invest in their funds. Perhaps they just drank the Kool-Aid. No matter what it is almost a certainty, in terms of forecasting, that the economy will either stagnant here or decline.

The main indicator that has been telling us there were problems for some time now is the initial claims data and the lack of private payroll growth. Sure, we saw a bump up in payrolls with the 5%+ GDP print, thanks to inventory restocking, but 1Q10 GDP shows signs of significant weakness. What has held true is initial claims, first they got better with the big GDP print, but now they are soft with the constant downward revisions to 1Q10 GDP. The ECRI data also points to weakness in the economy as well which correlates with initial claims data. From my lens, employment is not a lagging indicator, I have been pounding the table on this for a year now, it is a leading indicator in a post credit collapse scenario.

Friday’s employment report is now being telegraphed by Bloomberg to be weak, -110K is the forecast, especially since the Census hiring is done and they are now laying off workers. All of this is not surprising if you track initial claims and use it as a leading indicator. To put the monthly initial claims data into perspective 1,850,000 are filing claims for the first time and that means there needs to be about 2M jobs created every month to offset the ones just lost and we also have to contend with population growth as well. To be blunt, full employment is a figment of one’s imagination at this point for at least the next 5-8 years. Unemployment will be our greatest problem for a long, long time and there is little the government can do since end demand is the issue.

There is simply no way the Fed can raise rates for the foreseeable future either since one of their mandates is full employment. Yes, I know they said they would raise rates before employment recovered, but they won’t for political reasons. Obviously, that might change depending on what happens in the future, but for right now there simply is no reason to raise interest rates, at all, from their perspective. Worse is the fact that the Senate did not extend unemployment insurance last week which means a million plus people will lose benefits very soon. After their drunken spending binge to bailout the banks after they created this it is beyond me how they would let a million people just wither and die. There are 6 people for every job opening out there so it is not like these people are actively NOT trying to find work, so enough with that whole theatrical display of utter idiocy. Keep in mind I am a deficit hawk, but there is a difference between government wasting money and government helping those who cannot find work.

The loss of those benefits will have a huge impact on the economy as a whole since that money will not be spent. Retail sales will continue to slide and foreclosures will continue to rise, how many of those million plus people are barely hanging on? I am not sure how so many people can claim that the unemployed are simply freeloaders looking to live the highlife on such a meager government stipend which is what you hear often on other blogs or by the ultra rightwing. Considering that there are so many people looking for work the competition for a job, any job, is extremely high which reduces the odds of a person actually getting a new job anytime soon. Not to mention that unemployment benefits are usually around $300 – $500 a week I find it hard to believe that anyone is living the highlife on such a low amount, but that is the case. I am sure that there are abuses, but this is one of those give me a break moments and I am definitely right of center.

The other reason many believe a double dip is out of the question is that companies have extraordinary amount f cash on their balance sheets. Well, all I have to say is how long has that cash been on their balance sheet and it has not gone to work yet? This is like the temporary employment is a bullish indicator, if it is not happened yet the odds of it happening anytime soon are dwindling. The cash on the balance sheet is also part of the deleveraging cycle as companies pay down debt and hoard cash. Perhaps the main reason that companies have so much cash on hand is they think that business is going to get very tough in the near future. After all, many of our best companies have roots going back beyond the Depression and they know the value of having cash on hand to make it through the storms. Of course, they could spend it all tomorrow, but I ask again, what are they waiting for and why hasn’t it happened yet?

The bottom line is that it is really shocking to see so many smart people caught off guard about a potential double dip recession. All of the signs have been around for a longtime that the thought should have entered their mind at some point in time in recent months. There is a chance that we could avoid it, but I do not see how. I should point out the fact that I never bought the idea that we actually made it out of the first one, other than a statistical recovery that is. Time will tell on this one, but if Friday’s report is worse than expectations we will be well on our way to S&P 900.

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What year is this?

By Ray on April 23, 2010

Quotes from The Great Depression: A Diary (click to buy). If I left the dates out you might think I am quoting a modern day book, but I am not. Only a fool thinks history does not repeat itself.

“It is also interesting to note that the effort to create credit by having the Federal Reserve Bank buy U.S. bonds in the open market has failed. Huge reservoirs of credit are available but banks won’t make loans because business is too uncertain. It seems to prove that when business starts moving credit will expand automatically but the artificial creation of credit will not expand business.” November 18, 1933

“The U.S. Treasury will face the task in a few weeks of paying out huge amount for bond interest and maturities. Where will the money come from – greenbacks (printing press)?” November 18, 1933

“Industry continues to boom and the entire public seems to be speculating in the stock market. Almost as bad as 1929. Last Friday was a record day of the year with 9 million shares changing hands. The whole recovery has been so spectacular as to almost be unbelievable. Because so much of it is based on inflation theories I have doubted its permanency. The next few months should tell the story. In the meantime lawyers and professional groups have failed so far to share in the boom.” July 3,1933 – sound familiar? The Depression was just getting going and the boom was because of FDR confiscating the gold and adjusting the price, effectively taking U.S. citizens off of the gold standard, but the U.S. still honored international settlements in gold.

“For the 12th consecutive day stocks have been drifting lower. Congress starts an investigation of short selling.” April 13, 1932

“During the boom years it became popular to buy real estate at inflated prices on a shoestring. This was done by encumbering it with a 1st, 2nd and 3rd mortgage. Second mortgage companies were formed to buy 2nd mortgages at a discount of 10% to 25% per year. It has proven to be a bad investment because at each sheriff sale the 2nd is wiped out. Most of these companies have frozen assets and seem to be heading for bankruptcies.” About June 5, 1931

“Magazines and newspapers are full of articles telling people to buy stocks, real estate, etc. at present bargain prices. They say that times are sure to get better and that many fortunes have been built this way. The trouble is that nobody has money.” July 30, 1931 – He further went on to say in 5/16/32; “This advice was premature. Here a year later prices are 1/3 of what they were in 1931.”

The point of this is that we may very well be in one of the peaks and valleys that were fairly common during the 1930’s. If you look at the economic policies of Hoover, which FDR took over and expanded, they are very similar to what we see the present government doing. As it turns out these policies actually extend the problems because banks cannot purge the troubled loans and assets, sound familiar, which created zombie banks. Eventually banks began to get states to pass laws restricting withdrawals, they did this with life insurance loans as well, and that still did not stop banks from failing. Bad mortgage debt is what caused the banks to fail, sound familiar?

The assets of depositors ended up frozen and shareholders were wiped out when a bank closed, they had double liability back then which means shareholders could lose more than they invest in bank stocks if the bank failed, they would get sued basically. Many of these banks did reopen thanks to Hoover’s Reconstruction Finance Corporation, but the savings accounts or passbooks were frozen. These passbooks were used as currency as people would sell them for pennies on the dollar, in hopes the institution would allow withdrawals at full face value. It is interesting to see how this al played out and what the average person was thinking during those times. I have to tell you, this book is all one needs to read about the Depression. I am sure Ben Bernanke learned a lot about the technical’s of the Depression, but unless he read this book he does not know squat.

The real killer, according to Benjamin, was the Smoot-Hawley Act, which placed high tariffs on imports to prevent dumping. Europe had devalued their currency so the tariff was put in place to make sure people bought American. It did not work and made things worse. Does this sound familiar with the rhetoric coming out of Washington about China’s currency value? The interesting thing is that, just like now, all countries were devaluing their currency in order to remain competitive and export in order to improve their own economies, it failed. When every country is devaluing and trying to export, as Benjamin points out, who is left to buy anything?

I will post more quotes from this book, but I urge everyone to read it. The similarity between the 1930’s and today is amazing to say the least. They tried to create inflation and failed, just like Ben is trying, and they tried the NRA, like the stimulus bill but they made the NRA much more strict and imposed higher pay and shorter hours so they had to hire. The NRA put unions in a position of power and several times Benjamin pointed out that labor troubles would come and they did. The current administration also wants more union jobs and activity, I fear that will fail to as unions strike often and are the primary reason the U.S. is not competitive in manufacturing, among other reasons.

History repeats itself and if we forget that basic rule we will always be doomed to repeat it. People who claim this is nothing like the 1930’s are insane. Sure, it is not as severe, maybe it will be if we relapse, but we are showing many of the same symptoms as were present in 1931, 1932 and 1933. Even the market action is somewhat similar. The one difference I foresee in the future is inflation, which only materialized in the 1930’s through price controls and increasing the price of gold, but overall inflation was very tame in the Depression as there was no money velocity, again, sound familiar?

We are slightly more creative in 2010 so I expect money velocity or a full blown currency crisis in the near future. In 1933 we really could not destroy our currency because of the gold standard, we did float the dollar though, but in today’s world we have nothing backing our money so it could really go to zero. It’s scary if you think about it.

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A proposed new bond rating system

By Ray on April 14, 2010

Since the meltdown last year much attention has been paid to how rating agencies determine the difference between AAA and junk paper. In a nutshell, and as you already know, the agencies gave AAA ratings to paper that was literally worthless and according to several books I have just read it is clear that the agencies had no idea how these debt instruments actually worked, I am referring to CDO and asset backed paper. Therefore, I humbly submit this new, simplified, rating system to the SEC and the ratings agencies.

My rating system will clear up any confusion as to the safety of the bonds you buy and investors will be fully aware of the risks. I am confident my recommendations will be turned down because the last thing Wall Street wants is transparency or to give the average (or institutional for that matter) investor a shot of actually understanding the risk they are assuming when they buy fixed income. I mean, what kind of fun could we have if AAA rated paper was actually safe? I am assuming Wall Street likes the fact that they can game the system and make total junk into AAA, which is exactly what they did with ABS. The last thing they want is for investors to make money because that would mean there is less money for them to make, right Goldman?

So, here is my proposed rating system:

AAA – Will now will be called “we think you will get your money back”

AA – Will now be called “we are somewhat confident you will get your money back”

A – Will now be called “you probably will not get your money back”

BBB – Will now be called “crappier”

BB – Will now be called “total crap”

B – Will now be called “are you freaking serious?”

CCC – Will now be called “what, do you hate your money?”

Unrated – Will now be called “there is a sucker born every minute, congratulations you are the sucker”

After reading so many stories about the financial crisis there is one thing that is consistent, regardless of who is telling the story or what context that story is being told, the ratings agencies had no idea what they were doing. In fact, in The Big Short, I highly recommend that book, there were several accounts of money managers talking to the ratings agencies and they said they were totally clueless. They went on to say that their models could not even calculate negative returns, how is that possible? No one at the biggest agencies had any idea how CDO’s or asset backed securities were created. They had no interest in looking at the makeup of what was sub-prime and what was not. They never looked at individual loans and instead used an “average FICO score,” how could you give a AAA rating when you did not look at the instruments backing the bond? These agencies are clueless and they still have no clue.

Sure, they are now downgrading this junk paper, 2 years later, but where were they when defaults were at 4-5%? This is why I am confident that the U.S. and the U.K. will keep their AAA rating right up until the day these countries are in receivership. After all, past actions do dictate future results. For example, Did AIG keep their AAA rating pretty much right up until they were acquired by the government? How about Freddie and Fannie, by the way there was never a government guarantee to this debt, it was merely implied, read a prospectus if you don’t believe me, did they not keep a AAA rating until the end? Then there is Executive Life, an insurer in the early 1990’s that collapsed with the help of Michael Milken’s junk bonds, which kept their AAA rating right until they were in receivership. Executive Life was downgraded only after receivership.

These firms cannot foresee risk or rate risk properly. After lawsuits were filed these firms defenses revolved around “free speech” and not around actually rating risk. Seriously? They now admit that one needs to do their own research and not trust their ratings alone. This must be news to all the insurance companies or pension funds that can only invest in A to AAA paper only. What they are telling you is that their ratings are not real and must have been always been fake. So, how can you trust their ratings on such things as sovereign debt? One simple question, do you think the U.S. will ever actually pay off its debt, all $12T worth of their debt? Not a chance, but they keep the U.S. at AAA and that is why their ratings are a joke.

P.S. – Sorry for the bad attempt at humor, come on, I am a geek, what do you expect?

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Social Security, Should it be Privatized?

By Ray on April 13, 2010

The privatization of any social program always brings a hot debate between conservatives, liberals and, well, anyone in the middle. Many free market minded individuals think Social Security should be privatized while liberals say no way. Who is right and is it even possible to privatize such a huge chunk of the Federal pie?

First, let’s answer whether or not Social Security could be privatized. The answer is simple, it cannot be and privatization will never, ever happen. Why? Anyone who has been alive for more than 15 years knows that the federal government takes a nice chunk of your paycheck for FICA, basically Social Security and Medicare/Medicaid, but what they do not know, usually, is that the Social Security portion does not go where you might think. There is no actual account for your Social Security benefits instead you build up credits and your payout is determined by what age you retire. The size of your check will vary some depending how long you have worked and who much you put into the system. This is a very 30,000 foot view.

You receive credits into your Social Security account and not a “cash balance” report because there is no cash actually in your account. Believe it or not the government borrows against Social Security assets all the time and gives you an I.O.U. instead – the Social Security Administration is now cashing in some of those I.O.U.’s because they are now broke. You should know this because it means that if the cash flow into Social Security was ever stopped the whole house of cards would come crashing down. In effect, your entitlement program is the largest Ponzi Scheme in the history of scams. It is for that very reason Social Security will never be privatized because all of the lies would be exposed. But, what if we could privatize it?

Is it a good idea to privatize Social Security? That is a complex question and I am inclined to say yes, but with severe limitations. I do not think it is a great idea to put it into an account with only equities because people do dumb things when equities are involved. In my opinion I believe that using a deferred income annuity product would be the best option or some other type of account that has guarantees attached to it. An income Annuity would give the investor much higher lifetime income than you might think. I am also inclined to believe that insurance companies would create a product that would create a greater stream of lifetime income than what Social Security could ever provide.

However, I think some products should never be considered as an investment option. On my list I believe products that involve higher fees should be excluded such as equity index annuities and variable annuities. I am a believer in Variable annuities, but I feel that the current product fees are too prohibitive to make them a suitable option, a new one would have to be created. I am not a believer in equity index annuities, call me crazy but monthly or daily averaging which intentionally lower the rate of return is not a good idea and then throw on caps, yields or spreads and you have a product that is just not good. I am sure someone will disagree with me about indexed annuities, but that is their opinion and I have not seen a product I actually like. Plus when you exclude the dividends for these products it will drastically underperform the market rate of return. In short, these types of insurance products, which I am sure are valuable, are just too complex for a self directed Social Security account and I do not have faith in the government to choose the best products if they were allowed.

I think a hybrid product with a living benefit, which would payout 5% for as long as the owner lives regardless of account value, might be a decent option. They have a lower cost compared to a variable annuity, but provide similar lifetime income guarantees. These accounts also would mandate an asset allocation model that would have to be adhered to or all guarantees are off. Contrary to belief, asset allocation did work throughout the market crisis. Yes, you took a loss even in a diversified portfolio, but a balanced fund only lost 19% and has a standard deviation of 12.7, not bad.

If this were to happen, privatization of Social Security, it would lead to bad products being created since the government has no sense of what is and what is not a good investment for people. It would also lead to great confusion by investors since many have no idea how any type of guaranteed products work or their drawbacks. There is also the possibility that if/when we have another meltdown in the markets the losses incurred by investors would bankrupt insurance companies or whoever is offering guarantees. It is clear that traditional pension funds have not worked, the taxpayer is already making good on those guarantees, which leads me to believe that any type of equity investment options are simply a bad idea.

The only feasible option for privatizing Social Security would be using a traditional income annuity. The risk is manageable and the returns are predictable as well. However, this is all a moot point because it will never, ever, happen simply because if the government did not receive that income from your paycheck they would fold. While I think some investors would benefit from this the larger population would not and the only real winner would be Wall Street, as usual.

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The most comprehensive info on Health Care Reform to date

By Ray on March 20, 2010

Look, I know there is rhetoric on both side and we all fall for the one liner, me included. We all want something done about health care, but when you learn about how this thing was put together, you will think differently about this, maybe.

I was watching C-SPAN last night and saw this very informative video from MIT professor Jonathan Gruber, who co-wrote both the Massachusetts program and the current Federal bill being voted on. He was a paid participant and openly admits he is biased towards the bill, but I appreciate the honesty. What I found striking is that he openly admits that 90% of this bill is designed for coverage and only 10% is geared for cost controls. He also admits they are trying a “spaghetti approach” to controlling costs, meaning they are throwing 37 different pilot programs against the wall to “see what sticks.”

If you listen to what he is saying it is clear that the government will become the biggest premium payer to insurance companies through subsidies. The implications of this can lead to the government having the ability to start dictating what gets covered and what is not covered, in my opinion. The MA plan is the benchmark for the national plan and that should be of some concern to us all. Why? The cost of insurance did not come down with a mandate to everyone to be insured and competition never increased, there are 4 carriers in MA. Currently, according to the MA treasurer, 52% of all spending in MA is going directly to this insurance program or Medicaid, again showing that costs were not controlled. Of course, the MA bill was all about coverage and not about reducing costs, Mr. Gruber admits that.

If we look at the MA program there are problems with it, like most people have to go to community hospitals and those hospitals are only getting 60-70% of the reimbursement rate and 7 MA community hospitals are currently suing the state because they are going bankrupt. In order for everyone to get covered and for rates to not go through the roof insurers will have to pay doctors less, Mr. Gruber dances around that topic in his speech saying “surgeons used to be middle class people, but now they live in the Hamptons with investment bankers.” I have said that doctors do charge too much, $150 for a 2 minute office visit is nuts, but if private insurers have to adopt Medicare rates we will have less doctors, that is a fact.

Mr. Gruber is an economist, not a health care professional or insurance executive, which goes back to my point that no insurance person was ever involved in this process, but economists and lawyers are? I am sorry, but I do not like this approach because people often get left out of the equation in economists and lawyers models. He pointed towards the fact that doctors over test, which may be true, and that things like genetic testing is “too expensive.” He brings up some great points and says we will never have socialized or Canadian style health care in the US, I disagree with that as this bill will subsidize premiums up to, I think $80K in income.

This bill will do some great things, do not kid yourself, like the preexisting condition repeal and you cannot be dropped from coverage if you get sick, but those items could have been taken care of in straight up or down votes a year ago January. Regardless, Americans are furious over the process of what is happening and not being listened to. I want a straight up and down vote on the issue and I want to know for a fact that my Congressman read the bill, any Congress person saying this bill controls costs is not being truthful as the author tells you they are not sure this will control costs.

Mr. Gruber admits that when MA hit its financial trouble in 2008 they had to cut the program in MA. What does that mean on the Federal level where this thing is a trillion dollars? He says that by spending $950B to cover people now will save $30T over the next decade, I think he misspoke big time there as that is impossible. I also do not believe that the taxes collected over the next 4 years will not be spent, we are broke after all borrowing $200B a month remember, and the program will start in the red right off the bat in 2014. I also do not believe that the new taxes will only be on the top 5% of US taxpayers, like the AMT (alternative minimum tax) it started out on high net worth individuals and now it hits people below the $100K mark, unless Congress passes the AMT fix every year. Just like the AMT these new taxes will creep down because wealthy individuals got wealthy because they know how to avoid taxes.

CBO estimates, I hate CBO estimates, why? If you give the CBO the numbers you want to run you will get the results you want, it is that simple. They make little assumption on how these numbers will change over time, like people buying less income securities or dividend paying stocks so taxes drop or wealthy people decide to make $199,000 instead of $200K a year. They assume today’s numbers will stretch from here into infinity which is a joke. Look at Medicare projections back in the 1960’s, or the 1980’s or the 1990’s, you have to project the worst case scenario, not the best, and I can assure you that if they did that the numbers would be ugly. Basically, feed the CBO the data you want to get and bingo! Deficit reduction.

Mr. Gruber also wants to get rid of the tax break on health care premiums, the Cadillac Tax as it is called. Basically it is getting rid of the tax subsidy, or tax deduction, on plans that cost over $23K a year. This is not going to raise the money they think as most of the people with Cadillac plans are unions or a small portion of executive, a very small portion. There is no way that this tax deduction will stay at this level and plans that cost less than $23K will, eventually, lose their tax break as well, especially as the Cadillac Tax kicks in and those plans are dropped. Most of you have health insurance because, A) Your employer wants to remain competitive in the workplace; and B) Because they get a tax deduction for providing that benefit, why do you think they pay so much of the premium? You get rid of that and people will be left on their own, so it may be a good thing for employers, time will tell.

Oh, for all those who think we have the 37th worst health care in the world, think again. Over 240K people come to America to get some form of treatment and only 12,000 Americans leave for treatment abroad. Mr. Gruber explains that it is social economics is the problem, essentially, and, in his example, a black baby in Washington DC has the same chance of reaching their first birthday as a baby in Jamaica, that is horrible. However, what he says is what I have been saying, this is because we have an access problem.

He also states that we are like the Roman Empire if we do not get health care under control. The issue is that health care is one leg of the three legged problem. The other two legs are Social Security and our national debt. This bill currently only might fix health care, but based on MA it probably will not and based on what we know about our elected officials the other 2 legs are not going anywhere. However, as Mr. Gruber pointed out earlier in his speech, this bill really might not control costs at all. This bill also does not control prescription drug costs, at all, and Mr. Gruber says we must pay more so the rest of the world can pay less, unreal.

There was a better way of getting to a middle ground and trust me I want a middle ground. I just do not believe that this bill is legal, the Federal government cannot force you to buy anything, in my opinion, and I do believe that deem and pass should be banned, look what happens and I have heard enough of “well, they did it too,” two wrongs do make a right.  I highly recommend watching this 1 hour 23 minute video to cut through the rhetoric. However, listen to what he says and what he kind of says. Listen to it without your own bias as you will hear some things that might not sit well with you. Sometimes what a person does not say means more than what they would actually say.

Oh, no illegal immigrants will get coverage, just an FYI.

I could not embed the video, below is the link.

The Real Health Care Information You Need to Know

http://www.c-spanarchives.org/program/ID/220887

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