The media is abuzz with China’s central banks decision to allow the RMB to float a bit more freely, but no one is asking the more important question, which way will they let the currency float? Everyone and by everyone I mean certain U.S. Senators and some White House officials, claims that the artificial weak currency has cost Americans their jobs. The claim is it has cost millions of Americans jobs, but the it utter nonsense and political posturing.
A weak currency definitely gives China an advantage, it gives any country an advantage, but at the end of the day China had their currency pegged to the U.S. dollar, so perhaps our political officials should have been looking in the mirror while throwing criticism towards China. In other words, if our currency was stronger it stands to reason that China’s currency would be stronger as well. However, we all know that the intention of the U.S. government is not to have a strong dollar, but to have a weak dollar. That would mean a weaker RMB which would give China an advantage, in the eyes of those living in the land of the blind, in world trade.
How do we know the U.S. wants a weak dollar? Simple, Obama told us. He wants to double exports within 5 years, but we have the most expensive workforce in the world and are largely viewed as inefficient because of our pesky workers rights laws. That makes producing goods in the U.S. for export very difficult with the exception of complicated financial instruments, bombs, military hardware and some technology items. Let’s look at producing hammers, a hammer made in the U.S. would cost about $10, but a hammer made in China would cost about $5, why? Labor costs. The steel is going to be about the same and they are shipping the steel to China and the final product from China to the U.S. at half the cost. They pay the same amount of money for transportation, energy and raw materials, but they pay less for labor. My point is that we cannot export more without severely devaluing our currency or our standard of living.
Which brings me to my next point, China’s willingness to let their currency float more freely, great, but which way? One of China’s major manufacturers, the one were all the people are killing themselves, you know, Apples plant, is raising their workers’ salaries by 14%. Now, forget that 14% on $2 an hour only means another $.28 an hour, but that is a significant increase in labor costs, but are your iPad and iPhone costs going up? No, as an aside, this is just one more reason that I feel good about not owning an Apple product. I have also said that the Euro’s collapse is a significant issue for China, it still is, and a further decline in the Euro means China’s #1 importer of goods will import less, much less from the big red giant. What I am saying is it is entirely likely that China will float their currency lower and now they can claim it is the free market doing it, smooth move if you ask me.
It is not possible for China to have a rising currency, a weakening Euro, a weakening USD and higher wages for its workers with most manufacturers maintaining profit margins of 3%. It just doesn’t work for China and we all know the ruling party wants to maintain its power and in order to do that it must make the people happy. Without plus 8% GDP growth unemployment will increase and discontent will grow threatening the powers that be. In other words, the RMB will go lower unless other currencies increase in value. I realize this is an outside the norm view, but if one steps back and looks at the bigger picture it makes sense.
I could be wrong and perhaps every firm is out there hedging their currency, but that is highly doubtful. Even if they did it would not stop the slowdown in exports and all the bubbles in China will pop at roughly the same time, in the next few months. It is funny that the same people who said the U.S. was not in a real estate bubble in 2006 are saying China is not in bubble territory now, they are. Any slowdown, even a minor hiccup is extremely dangerous and has worldwide ramifications. We are talking about the engine of the “worldwide recovery story” here, not some small corner of the world that does not matter. If their currency appreciates and the slowdown is bigger than anticipated, they always are I might add, there are no more surpluses, no more U.S. debt auctions to show up at and prices will head higher on products.
It also means that they may become net sellers of treasuries instead of buyers, that is not good news, if their currency does appreciate. However, it won’t happen, it will go lower and everyone will be surprised when it happens, except for me. It is clear as day that the Chinese economy is showing extreme signs of stress, look at their markets, they are way off their highs and have been for some time now.
From my lens the entire system is in major trouble and it is evident when we try to find scapegoats for our problems, bankers, the Chinese with their cheap currency, etc. The system needs to reset itself and it cannot happen with all of this intervention and additional debt. Everything needs to be restructured and debts need to be purged from the system, but this will never happen as it means everything goes to zero. Instead we will carry on blaming others, inflating our way out and causing much more pain than by having an absolute reset.
Everyone is on bubble watch nowadays, me included, as central banks flood their respective countries with mountains of money. While the US has done a ton of printing of dollars it is often overlooked that the Chinese have also printed a ton of Yuan as well. While there are definite differences in the economies of the US and China, we could argue those difference all day long, the one thing we could all agree on is that China a lot of flaws in its system. I would counter by saying their flaws are probably pretty severe, but no worse than the US.
Regardless, I have been reading a lot about the bubble in China, especially in their real estate prices. I do not doubt that as property values have gone parabolic in the country, some areas make the peak price increases in the US look like pathetic in comparison, but is it the same bubble that the US had? The answer is, no one really knows for sure because the data is spotty at best. My guess is that the price bubble is probably worse than the US, but I am willing to bet that mortgage fraud, home equity loans, securitization and the host of other issues that basically collapsed the world economy are not the same, at all.
So, at the end of the day, we will see a price collapse in China which will lead banks to have losses on their books, but it will end there. It will likely be as bad as the early 1990’s in the US banking system compared to the 2008 collapse that the US had and it will more than likely not spread globally like the US credit collapse did. However, it is problematic for the world to have the second, it surely has beat out Japan by now, largest economy approach a huge bubble so early in its quest for world domination, especially when it is the manufacturing center of the world.
If the bubble pops, which it will, it will take capital to fix which means that money will not be loaned out to manufacturers. When that happens the cost of capital will increase driving up prices which means your trip to Walmart will not be as cheap as it once was, especially if Washington forces the Chinese to strengthen its Yuan as well. That will be a problem for us and the rest of the world as China led the world out of the recession, if you believe it is actually over that is, so if China contracts it will lead the world right back into a recession, or make the one we are in even worse.
It is just interesting that Americans always assume that everyone acts like they do and spend all of their money. The Chinese are fanatical savers and it is highly unlikely that they would leverage their home, i.e. home equity loans or lines of credit, to buy junk they simply do not need like Americans do. I remember when Lay’s potato chips were trying to make headway into China and one women interviewed said why would I spend that kind of money on that when the same money can buy me potatoes for a month? That is their mentality and they do not spend what we do not have and pay for it later like what we do, that is what I admire about their culture. This is why if or when the bubble pops it will be a major problem, but nothing like what we saw here or in Europe.
With that in mind I am not crazy about investing in China because I believe that the bubble will pop and it will slow their growth down dramatically. Depending how the government handles the issue it could be a nonevent or a huge problem with, believe it or not, political instability. Plus, so much money has flowed into China through BRIC’s it is kind of crazy to keep money there right now. I am way more interested in India and Russia than China and Brazil, but all emerging markets have me a bit nervous because when everyone agrees that is where you should be, well, you know, do the opposite. Regardless, I believe the bubble will pop, but before the China bubble pops the US equity bubble will pop first.
Regular readers know that I am or have become a bigger proponent of income investing lately and if you don’t know what I am talking about you should be reading my material more. However, there seems to be preconceived disconnect with my philosophy and what you believe to be true about interest rates moving forward. Some people see my bullishness on bonds in the face of rising interest rates as purely insane, especially given what treasuries are doing, but I can assure you it is not.
Keep in mind I am talking about investment grade corporate bonds and high yield bonds, my favorites are ‘BB’ and ‘BBB’ rate paper in an ETF format, I do not like mutual funds because of the once a day pricing. As an aside I do like selective sovereign debt as well, but don’t go out and buy Eastern European government debt or anything, be selective as the risk return is there, but supply is going to be an issue moving forward so it will pay to be extremely selective in 2010. Anyhow, back to corporate debt and why I like it.
Treasuries are entering a bear market for the first time in my memory and I expect there to be a bear market until the next crisis hits, so for only a few months. The reason there is a bear market is simple, supply, end of story. You cannot issue an endless amount of paper and expect the market to eagerly accept it without paying more for it because people, foreign central banks in this case, know they will never fully be repaid for the US debt they buy now, it is mathematically impossible for the US to repay its debt so don’t shoot the messenger hate the calculator. Because of that mathematical probability interest rates on treasuries are going higher and, according to those wonderfully bullish, and misguided, government data figures investors are pricing in interest rate hikes which kill treasuries and other high grade corporate debt, high grade being the operative word, so remember that please.
High grade corporate debt is technically, and in my opinion, anything rated higher than ‘A’ and issues interest rates slightly above treasury yields. We are talking about your really safe corporate paper issued by IBM and similar firms. Essentially, those are a riskless investment which is why your yield is so close to treasuries and why those bonds will get crushed when/if interest rates go higher. For those who do not understand how bonds work think of bonds and interest rates like a teeter-totter with interest rates on one side and bond prices on the other side, when one goes up the other side goes down. Therefore rising interest rates are bad for bonds because new bond issues will have higher yields so your existing bond will have less appeal in the marketplace and if rates go down new issue bonds will have lower rates which means your existing bond will be more attractive because it has a higher interest rate. Make sense, good.
All of that is important because we are at zero interest, technically we are in the negative interest rate area because of quantitative easing and deflation which is bond friendly. However, this red hot economy we are in, sarcasm is my trademark, many people are expecting an interest rate hike to happen at some time this year and they are right. The Fed will raise interest rates in 2010 from 0-.25% to .25-.50%, wow. There is an outside chance that rates may go to 1% by the end of the year, but that is pure speculation right now because the economic data or ‘recovery’ is spotty at best. Even if rates go up it is relatively meaningless to lower grade corporate bonds because it does not hurt the spread as badly as it does for higher grade corporate bonds.
What I mean is newer higher grade corporate debt and treasury debt will have higher yields than current issues so existing paper will get slammed. However, existing lower quality corporate paper will do OK as we would need rates to go up substantially in order to really hurt the spread. I am not saying that there is no risk in lower quality corporate debt, defaults will be a huge issue moving forward, but I am also betting that the Fed’s liquidity programs end up not going away either. In fact, I would speculate that the Fed’s balance sheet will continue to expand over the next 12 months, perhaps double again if the FASB gets its way and the SIV’s have to be added to banks balance sheets right away, but again that is speculation right now.
If the Fed does actually raise interest rates this would be a bullish signal to the markets because it means we have real growth in the economy as well. This means lower grade paper would perform better, even if that growth is only at lower levels. However, higher interest rates will not be good for stocks, in my opinion, which is why I shifted focus to lower quality corporate bonds and to companies like Alteria. I would not expect, even if the economy is cruising, to see rates go much higher than 1-1.5% though because the Fed is stuck and it cannot move rates higher or to a meaningful level ever again. Regardless, corporate bonds of ‘BBB’ or ‘BB’ and selective ‘junk’ should do OK moving forward in the face of higher interest rates because of what I said previously. We will not see huge returns like that of 2009, but I think they will do better than stocks moving forward, plus you are first in line when the company folds, something to think about.
Why the Fed is stuck
What do I mean by that, a meaningful level? You see, the US is in a debt trap that we cannot escape from, it is simple mathematics. The Fed will not be raising rates to protect the dollar, they want a weak dollar that is for another post, they do not really care about inflation as they really want massive inflation but we cannot create it. The Fed will raise interest rates to keep politicians off of its back and that is about it, but raising rates higher than 1.5% presents problems that the US cannot handle.
Congress just had to raise the debt ceiling by a few hundred billion to fund the government for the next 6-8 weeks, unbelievable, and a more ‘permanent’ fix of raising the debt ceiling to about $14T will be coming soon.
I know this is no big deal to liberal democrats because, after all, under Bush we had to raise the debt ceiling 7 times and to them 8 or 9 wrongs make a right, but this is a major, major problem. Considering that raising the debt ceiling to $14T moves the total US debt to just about 100% of GDP marks a new low for the US and is the greatest amount of debt any country has ever attempted. What I am saying is that our current debt servicing costs with the Fed holding rates at 0% and using QE is about $500B+ a year and our average maturity of our debt is less than 10 years, again this is a first in all of the world’s history.
If the Fed moves rates up past 1.5% then that debt servicing cost will go up, dramatically, and there will be major consequences that the American people are not ready to face. Forget the debt ceiling, we will repeal that silly little rule, especially since we have to raise it almost every year anyhow. Within 7 years out debt servicing costs will begin to take its toll on the national budget squeezing out typically paid for items, like earmarks. Defense spending will have to decline immensely which is why the US remains a superpower even though we have a relatively small manned military compared to say a China, India or North Korea. The dollar will decline much further, it will anyhow as the latest rally, which I anticipated, is a head fake and was driven by Dubai, Greece, Fear, short covering and the selling will comeback harder and faster than you could ever imagine.
All of the senseless spending is coming home to roost, now. China is telling us where to stick it as there is not enough dollars to buy our debt, which is kind of funny in a sick way, and they said no to strengthening their Yuan which makes sense for them and smells of protectionism to me. When we demand a foreign country make their products more expensive in the US just so we can shrink out trade deficit thereby boosting our GDP and sell more products to them that is protectionism, straight up. I do not like to be so grime, but many of the things I foresaw and have been keeping to myself are coming out in the open. Things are not good, but hey as long as the market keeps going up, who cares right? Well, you will when it comes crashing down around you. Fixed income never looked so attractive right now.
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